{"id":1055,"date":"2008-04-28T23:05:37","date_gmt":"2008-04-28T23:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"\/blogs\/paul\/post\/SQL-Server-2008-Sparse-columns-and-XML-COLUMN_SET.aspx"},"modified":"2017-04-13T09:54:15","modified_gmt":"2017-04-13T16:54:15","slug":"sql-server-2008-sparse-columns-and-xml-column_set","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlskills.com\/blogs\/paul\/sql-server-2008-sparse-columns-and-xml-column_set\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server 2008: Sparse columns and XML COLUMN_SET"},"content":{"rendered":"


\n

We’re sitting here in St. Pete Beach in Florida visiting some of Kimberly’s family and having some sun-kissed R&R before heading back up to Seattle on Wednesday, and I thought I’d get the next post in my sparse columns mini-series out. Before I start though, Kimberly just posted the resources for the Accidental DBA class we taught at SQL Connections last week and in Iceland at the end of March – see here<\/a>.<\/P>
\n

In my first post on sparse columns (see here<\/a>) I introduced the concepts and explained why sparse columns are a useful feature. In this post I’m going to use the example I gave – a document repository with 50 document types and 20 unique attributes per document-type. Yes, it’s a contrived example, but scale it up be a factor of 100+ (think Sharepoint Server) and methods like normalization no longer apply.<\/P>
\n

I’m using a CTP-6 VPC on a Lenovo T60P laptop with 4GB, a dual-core 2.2GHz CPU, and the VPC is running off a 6200RPM drive. Your mileage may vary for run-times of the example scripts. The VPC is the one we gave out at SQL Connections and Iceland, and you can download the scripts and a VPC (maybe only CTP-5) from the Microsoft JumpStart site (see here<\/a> for details).<\/P>
\n

The first test I’ll do is just creating the schema necessary to store the 1000+ columns of information in the test scenario. I’ll do one with sparse columns and one without:<\/P>
\n


\n

— Create two tables, one with 1000 columns and one with 1000 columns but 997 sparse.
<\/FONT>CREATE<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>TABLE<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   DocID <\/FONT>INT<\/FONT> IDENTITY<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> DocName VARCHAR<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>100),<\/FONT> DocType INT<\/FONT>,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c0004 <\/FONT>INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0005 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0006 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0007 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0008 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0009 INT<\/FONT> NULL,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   …
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c0994 <\/FONT>INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0995 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0996 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0997 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0998 INT<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0999 INT<\/FONT> NULL,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c1000 <\/FONT>INT<\/FONT> NULL);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>GO<\/P><\/FONT>
\n

CREATE<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>TABLE<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   DocID <\/FONT>INT<\/FONT> IDENTITY<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> DocName VARCHAR<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>100),<\/FONT> DocType INT<\/FONT>,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c0004 <\/FONT>INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0005 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0006 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0007 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   …
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c0996 <\/FONT>INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0997 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0998 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> c0999 INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL,
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   c1000 <\/FONT>INT SPARSE<\/FONT> NULL);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>GO<\/P><\/FONT><\/BLOCKQUOTE>
\n

I won’t list all the column names for the sake of brevity. Next I’ll insert some values into each table (the same values in each table):<\/P>
\n


\n

— Insert a few rows in each
<\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘aaaa’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 1<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0945<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘bbbb’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 2<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 46<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0334<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘cccc’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 3<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 44<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0233<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0234<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘dddd’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 4<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 12<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 34<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0233<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0234<\/FONT>,<\/FONT>c0235<\/FONT>,<\/FONT>c0236<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘eeee’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 4<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 12<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 34<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 46<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 66<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>GO<\/P><\/FONT>
\n

INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘aaaa’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 1<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0945<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘bbbb’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 2<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 46<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0334<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘cccc’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 3<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 44<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0233<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0234<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘dddd’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 4<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 12<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 34<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>INSERT<\/FONT><\/FONT> <\/FONT>INTO<\/FONT> TableWithoutSparseColumns <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>DocName<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> Doctype<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0233<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> c0234<\/FONT>,<\/FONT>c0235<\/FONT>,<\/FONT>c0236<\/FONT>)<\/FONT> <\/FONT>VALUES<\/FONT> <\/FONT>(<\/FONT>‘eeee’<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 4<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 12<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 34<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 46<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> 66<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>GO<\/P><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/FONT>
\n

Now let’s see how big each table is:<\/P>
\n


\n

— Now lets see how big the rows are
<\/FONT>SELECT<\/FONT><\/FONT> [avg_record_size_in_bytes]<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> [page_count] <\/FONT>FROM<\/FONT> sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats <\/FONT>(
<\/FONT><\/FONT>   DB_ID<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>‘SparseColumnsTest’<\/FONT>),<\/FONT> OBJECT_ID<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>‘TableWithoutSparseColumns’<\/FONT>),<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> ‘DETAILED’<\/FONT>);<\/P><\/FONT><\/FONT>
\n

SELECT<\/FONT><\/FONT> [avg_record_size_in_bytes]<\/FONT>,<\/FONT> [page_count] <\/FONT>FROM<\/FONT> sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats <\/FONT>(
   <\/FONT><\/FONT>DB_ID<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>‘SparseColumnsTest’<\/FONT>),<\/FONT> OBJECT_ID<\/FONT> (<\/FONT>‘TableWithSparseColumns’<\/FONT>),<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> NULL,<\/FONT> ‘DETAILED’<\/FONT>);
<\/FONT><\/FONT>GO<\/FONT><\/P>
\n

avg_record_size_in_bytes page_count
———————— ——————–
4135                     5<\/FONT><\/P>
\n

(1 row(s) affected)<\/FONT><\/P>
\n

avg_record_size_in_bytes page_count
———————— ——————–
40.6                     1<\/FONT><\/P>
\n

(1 row(s) affected)<\/FONT><\/P><\/BLOCKQUOTE><\/FONT>
\n

Ok – so that’s not a huge difference in page count (because we’ve only got 5 rows), but it’s a *massive* difference in average record size. Scaled up to hundreds of thousands or millions of records, the space savings will be astronomical!<\/P>
\n

Now let’s try selecting the data back using results-to-grid mode and a simple SELECT *<\/FONT> statement. It takes 20 seconds to return – solely because the client still has to retrieve the metadata for 1000+ columns. Even though the columns are still defined as SPARSE<\/FONT>, they show up in a SELECT *<\/FONT> resultset, and that makes extracting out the non-NULL values pretty difficult…<\/P>
\n

Time for another new feature – column sets. There’s a new column type available for use with sparse columns – an XML COLUMN_SET<\/FONT>. This is a column that is only materialized when selected, and will return all the non-NULL sparse columns in a row as an XML BLOB. It will also change the behavior of a SELECT * operation – removing all the sparse columns from the resultset and replacing them with itself, representing all the non-NULL sparse columns. Redefining our TableWithSparseColumns<\/FONT> to have an XML COLUMN_SET<\/FONT> column called SparseColumns <\/FONT>(using the syntax ‘SparseColumns XML<\/FONT> COLUMN_SET FOR<\/FONT> ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS<\/FONT>‘)<\/FONT>, and re-inserting the same values then gives the following results for a SELECT *<\/FONT> operation:<\/P>
\n


\n

DocID   DocName   DocType   SparseColumns
——- ——— ——— —————
1       aaaa      1         NULL
2       bbbb      2         <c0945>46<\/c0945>
3       cccc      3         <c0334>44<\/c0334>
4       dddd      4         <c0233>12<\/c0233><c0234>34<\/c0234>
5       eeee      4         <c0233>12<\/c0233><c0234>34<\/c0234><c0235>46<\/c0235><c0236>66<\/c0236><\/FONT><\/SPAN><\/P><\/BLOCKQUOTE>
\n

Pretty cool – and it returns virtually instantaneously (obviously scaling up to hundreds of thousands or millions of rows would take longer due to the time necessary to read the pages into the buffer pool). One downside is that the XML blob only returns the column name and value – not the datatype – but if your application can cope with that then not having to wade through hundreds (or thousands by RTM) of NULL columns values is great.<\/P>
\n

Next time I’ll discuss the internals of how sparse columns are stored.<\/P><\/FONT><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We’re sitting here in St. Pete Beach in Florida visiting some of Kimberly’s family and having some sun-kissed R&R before heading back up to Seattle on Wednesday, and I thought I’d get the next post in my sparse columns mini-series out. Before I start though, Kimberly just posted the resources for the Accidental DBA class […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,83,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-example-scripts","category-sparse-columns","category-sql-server-2008"],"yoast_head":"\nSQL Server 2008: Sparse columns and XML COLUMN_SET - Paul S. 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