In the previous post, I insinuated that allowing LAG/LEAD to be sensitive to value RANGEs might help with series of data with missing values. It won't do that unless there's some logic that allows the offset that LAG/LEAD uses to be calculated on a row-by-row basis (i.e. LAG/LEAD uses an expression based on the window values). That's a little too much to expect; notice I've updated the original post to back off a bit on that one. I'll need my densified data for that.

However, a common scenario that would be helped by an expansion of use of RANGE in the window specification is rolling totals/rolling balances. Here's an example.

Suppose I wanted to calculate a 3-month rolling average (or rolling total) of sales on a per-employee basis. Looking at an employee who doesn't make at least one sale every month, I get a skewed total/average. The totals don't reflect the last three calendar months, but instead they reflect the last three months in which the employee had a nonzero sales total. Skews the figures upward a little….

SELECT  Employee,
        [Year] ,
        [Month] ,
        EmployeeTotal AS SalesThisMonth,
        COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS NumberOfMonths,
        SUM(EmployeeTotal) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS ThreeMonthTotal,
        AVG(EmployeeTotal) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS ThreeMonthAverage
FROM EmployeeSalesByMonth
WHERE Employee = 272
ORDER BY Employee, [Year], [Month];

                        SalesThisMonth Number   ThreeMonthTotal ThreeMonthAverage
272     2005    8       20544.7015      1       20544.7015      20544.7015
272     2005    9       2039.994          2       22584.6955      11292.3477  
272     2005    11     6341.551          3       28926.2465      9642.0821
272     2006    2       61206.4782      3       69588.0232      23196.0077
272     2006    3       18307.746        3       85855.7752      28618.5917
272     2006    4       33406.7043      3       112920.9285     37640.3095

Suppose I had a way to specify a time interval and use RANGE instead of ROWS. Something like: "RANGE BETWEEN '2 MONTHS' PRECEEDING AND CURRENT ROW" where '2 MONTHS' represents a time-interval data type. Then I'd get the "non-skewed" answer. Currently SQL Server Denali doesn't even allow that form the RANGE specification (RANGE BETWEEN <unsigned value specification> PRECEDING) with any data type currently. Instead, I can use the densified data (see previous post) with the rows window and get that "non-skewed" answer.

WITH SalesByMonth AS
(
SELECT Employee,
       DATEPART(yyyy,dt) as Year,
    DATEPART(MONTH,dt) as Month,
    ISNULL(EmployeeTotal, 0) as EmployeeTotal
FROM #allMonths m
OUTER APPLY (
SELECT  EmployeeTotal
FROM    EmployeeSalesByMonth e
WHERE m.Employee = e.Employee  
 AND    DATEPART(yyyy,dt) = [Year]
 AND    DATEPART(mm,dt) = [Month]
) AS t
)
SELECT  Employee,
        [Year] ,
        [Month] ,
        EmployeeTotal AS SalesThisMonth,
        COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS NumberOfMonths,
 SUM(EmployeeTotal) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS ThreeMonthTotal,
        AVG(EmployeeTotal) OVER (PARTITION BY Employee ORDER BY [Year], [Month] ROWS 2 PRECEDING) AS ThreeMonthAverage
FROM SalesByMonth
WHERE Employee = 272
ORDER BY Employee,
        [Year],
        [Month];
GO

                        SalesThisMonth Number   ThreeMonthTotal ThreeMonthAverage  
272     2005    7       0.00                 1       0.00                 0.00
272     2005    8       20544.7015      2       20544.7015      10272.3507
272     2005    9       2039.994          3       22584.6955      7528.2318
272     2005    10     0.00                 3       22584.6955      7528.2318
272     2005    11     6341.551          3       8381.545          2793.8483

Notice, however, that there's another subtle change in the answer. In choosing to start the time series exactly on 2005-07 (rather than the month when each employee had his/her first sale), the averages for the first couple of months for this employee are a little low. We can account for this, if we want, by basing the #allmonths table on each employee's hire date, for example. Yet another instance of "always pay attention to what you're actually measuring".

@bobbeauch